I-Ruby Rod eyi-100mm: I-Precision Laser Medium kwizicelo zesayensi nezoshishino

Inkcazo emfutshane:

I-100mm ruby rod yindlela yokwandisa amandla e-laser esetyenziswa kakhulu, ebonakaliswa bubude bayo obubomvu obucacileyo obuyi-694.3 nm. Yakhiwe nge-synthetic corundum (Al₂O₃) exutywe nee-chromium ions (Cr³⁺), le ruby rod inika uzinzo oluhle kakhulu lobushushu kunye nokukhanya, okwenza ukuba ilungele iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-laser eziphantsi ukuya kweziphakathi. Ngobude be-100mm, i-ruby rod ilinganisela amandla okugcina amandla kunye noyilo oluncinci, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okuguquguqukayo kwizixhobo ze-laser zemfundo, zesayensi, kunye nezinye izimboni.

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, intonga yeruby ibisebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo selaser kwiilebhu ze-optics, ukuboniswa kwelaser, kunye neenkqubo zokulungelelanisa ngokuchanekileyo. Ubungakanani be-100mm bumele ukhetho oluqhelekileyo oluhambelana noluhlu olubanzi lweendawo ze-resonator. I-polish yomphezulu egqwesileyo yentonga yeruby, ukukhanya okubonakalayo, kunye namandla oomatshini kwenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oluhlala luhleli nolunokuthenjwa nangona kuvela ubuchwepheshe obutsha.

Thumela i-imeyile kuthi

Iimbonakalo

Umzobo oneenkcukacha

Intshayelelo

Umgaqo-nkqubo Wokuvelisa

Ukuveliswa kwentonga yeruby kubandakanya iindlela eziphambili zokukhulisa iikristale ezifana nendlela yeVerneuil flame fusion okanye indlela yokudonsa iCzochralski. Ngexesha lokwenziwa, i-aluminium oxide ixutywa ngoxinzelelo oluchanekileyo lwe-chromium oxide ukwenza ikristale yeruby efanayo. Nje ukuba i-boule ikhulile, iyajoliswa, inqunyulwe, ize ibunjwe ibe yintonga yeruby enobukhulu obufunekayo—100mm kweli tyala.

Intonga nganye yerubi emva koko iphantsi kweenkqubo ezingqongqo zokupolisha kunye nokugquma. Ubuso bokugqibela buyagotywa buze bupholishwe bufikelele kwinqanaba le-laser flatness (λ/10 okanye ngaphezulu) kwaye bunokugqunywa ngee-dielectric layers ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu (HR) okanye ezichasene nokukhanya (AR) ukuze zilungele uyilo oluthile lwe-laser cavity. Intonga yerubi mayingabi nazingxenyana kunye nee-striations ukuqinisekisa ukupompa okubonakalayo rhoqo kunye nokulahleka okuncinci kokusasazeka.

Ii-ion ze-chromium ezikwintonga yeruby zifunxa ukukhanya kuluhlu lwe-spectral eluhlaza/oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Xa ziphampa nge-flashlamp, ziyavuya ziye kwimeko yamandla aphezulu. Njengoko zibuyela kwimeko yazo yomhlaba, zikhupha ii-photon ezibomvu ezihambelanayo, ziqala i-chain reaction ye-stimulated emission—ngaloo ndlela zivelisa i-laser output. Intonga yeruby eyi-100mm yenzelwe ukufezekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okusebenzayo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo le-fluorescence.

Ipharamitha

Ipropati	Ixabiso
Ifomula yeKhemikhali	Cr³⁺:Al₂O₃
Inkqubo yekristale	I-Trigonal
Ubukhulu beeSeli zeYunithi (ezineHexagonal)	a = 4.785 Åc = 12.99 Å
Ubuninzi be-X-Rey	3.98 g/cm³
Indawo yokunyibilika	2040°C
Ukwandiswa kobushushu @ 323 K	Ithe nkqo kwi-c-axis: 5 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹Ihambelana ne-c-axis: 6.7 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹
Ukuqhuba kwe-Thermal @ 300 K	28 W/m·K
Ukuqina	IiMohs: 9, I-Knoop: 2000 kg/mm²
IModulus kaYoung	345 GPa
Ubushushu obuthile @ 291 K	761 J/kg·K
Ipharamitha yokuxhathisa uxinzelelo lobushushu (Rₜ)	34 W/cm

Ukusetyenziswa kweeRuby Rods kuMashishini Onke

Ii-ruby rods, ezenziwe nge-single-crystal aluminum oxide eyenziwe nge-chromium ions, zixatyiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokudibanisa kwazo okungaqhelekanga kobulukhuni bomzimba, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo ezimangalisayo. Ezi mpawu zenza ii-ruby rods zibe zizinto eziphambili kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zoshishino, zesayensi, kunye nokuchaneka. Apha ngezantsi kukho amacandelo aphambili apho ii-ruby rods ziqhubeka nokubonisa ixabiso elikhethekileyo:

1. Itekhnoloji yeLaser kunye nePhotonics

Ii-ruby rods zisebenza njenge-gain medium kwi-ruby lasers, zikhupha ukukhanya okubomvu kwi-694.3 nm xa zifakwe i-optically pumped. Nangona ezinye iindlela zanamhlanje ezifana ne-Nd:YAG kunye ne-fiber lasers zilawula imarike, i-ruby lasers isathandwa kakhulu kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nezi:

I-dermatology yezonyango (ukususwa kwetattoo kunye nezilonda)
Izixhobo zokubonisa zemfundo
Uphando lwamehlo olufuna ubude bexesha lokubetha kwentliziyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wemitha

Ukucaca okugqwesileyo kokukhanya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqula amandla kweruby kwenza ukuba ilungele ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-photonic kunye nokukhupha.

2. Ubunjineli obuchanekileyo kunye neMetrology

Ngenxa yobunzima bazo obuphezulu (isikali seMohs 9), iintonga zeruby zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa ezisekelwe kuqhagamshelwano, kuquka:

Iingcebiso zeStylus kwiimashini zokulinganisa ezilungelelanisiweyo (iiCMM)
Iiprobhu kwizixhobo zokuhlola ngokuchanekileyo
Iindawo zokubhekisela ezichanekileyo kakhulu kwiigeyiji zokukhanya nezoomatshini

Ezi zixhobo zixhomekeke ekuchaseni kwerubhi kwinguquko, ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokulinganisa okuhlala ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuguguleka.

3. Usetyenziso lokwenza iiwotshi kunye neeMicro-Bearing

Kwi-horology ephezulu, iintonga zeruby zicutshungulwa zibe ziibheringi zelitye—izinto ezincinci ezinciphisa ukungqubana kunye nokuguguleka kwiintshukumo zewotshi yoomatshini. Umlinganiselo wazo ophantsi wokungqubana kunye nobunzima obuphezulu bunegalelo koku:

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezitimela zegiya
Ixesha elide lokuphila kwezixhobo zewotshi zangaphakathi
Ukuphuculwa kozinzo lokugcina ixesha

Ngaphaya kweewotshi, iiruby rods zikwasetyenziswa kwii-micro-motors, ii-flow sensors, kunye nee-gyroscopes apho kufuneka khona ukungqubana okuphantsi kakhulu kunye nokuthembeka.

4. Iinkqubo zeenqwelo-moya kunye ne-Vacuum

Kwiindawo ezisebenzisa i-aerospace, i-satellite, kunye neendawo ezine-vacuum ephezulu, ii-ruby rods zisetyenziswa njengeendawo zokusasaza, ii-support pin, kunye nezikhokelo ze-optical. Iingenelo zazo eziphambili ziquka:

Ukuziphatha okungaphenduliyo kwiimeko ezinobundlongondlongo beekhemikhali
Ukumelana okushushu okugqwesileyo kunye nozinzo olunemilinganiselo
Akukho kuphazamiseka kwemagnethi kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka kumbane

Ezi mpawu zivumela iintonga zerubhi ukuba zisebenze kakuhle phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, kuquka ukuvezwa kwimitha, ukutshintsha kwamaqondo obushushu ngokukhawuleza, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-vacuum.

5. Izixhobo zoHlalutyo nezoNyango

Iintonga zeruby zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo ezintsonkothileyo, ingakumbi apho ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokungangeni kweekhemikhali kubalulekile.

Iiprobe ezinencam yesafire kwi-spectroscopy kunye nokuxilongwa
Ii-nozzles ezichanekileyo okanye izixhobo zokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi kwii-analyzers
Iintonga ezihlala ixesha elide kwizixhobo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo zelebhu

Umphezulu wazo ococekileyo nozinzileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kuzenza zilungele ukudibaniswa neesampuli zebhayoloji okanye ulwelo olusebenzayo.

6. Iimveliso zoBunewunewu kunye noYilo oluSebenzayo

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kakuhle, iintonga zeruby ngamanye amaxesha zidityaniswa kwiipeni zodidi oluphezulu, iikhampasi, iziqwenga zobucwebe, kunye nee-optical scopes—zisebenza njengezinto zokwakha kunye nezokuhlobisa. Umbala wazo obomvu onzulu kunye nomphezulu ocwebezelayo unegalelo koku: