1. Uxinzelelo lobushushu ngexesha lokuphola (Isizathu esiyintloko)
I-quartz edibeneyo ivelisa uxinzelelo phantsi kweemeko zobushushu ezingalinganiyo. Kuyo nayiphi na iqondo lobushushu, ulwakhiwo lwe-athomu ye-quartz edibeneyo lufikelela kulwakhiwo "olufanelekileyo" lwendawo. Njengoko ubushushu butshintsha, isithuba se-athomu siyatshintsha ngokufanelekileyo—into ebizwa ngokuba kukwanda kobushushu. Xa i-quartz edibeneyo ishushu okanye ipholisiwe ngokungalinganiyo, ukwandiswa okungafaniyo kwenzeka.
Uxinzelelo lobushushu ludla ngokuvela xa iindawo ezishushu zizama ukwanda kodwa zithintelwa ziindawo ezipholileyo ezingqongileyo. Oku kudala uxinzelelo oluxinzelelweyo, oluhlala lungabangeli monakalo. Ukuba ubushushu buphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuthambisa iglasi, uxinzelelo lunokupheliswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izinga lokupholisa likhawuleza kakhulu, i-viscosity iyanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-athomu asikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nexesha lobushushu obuhlayo. Oku kubangela uxinzelelo oluxinzelelweyo, olunokubangela ukwaphuka okanye ukungaphumeleli.
Uxinzelelo olunjalo luyanda njengoko ubushushu buhla, bufikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu ekupheleni kwenkqubo yokupholisa. Ubushushu apho iglasi ye-quartz ifikelela khona kwi-viscosity engaphezulu kwe-10^4.6 poise bubizwa ngokuba yi-indawo yokuxinezelekaKule ndawo, i-viscosity yezinto iphezulu kangangokuba uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luvalelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye alunakuphinda luphele.
2. Uxinzelelo oluvela kwiSigaba soTshintsho kunye nokuphumla kwesakhiwo
Ukuphumla kwesakhiwo esizinzileyo:
Kwimeko enyibilikisiweyo, i-quartz exutyiweyo ibonisa ulungelelwaniso lweathomu oluphazamisekileyo kakhulu. Xa ipholile, iiathom zihlala ziphumla zisiya kwisimo esizinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-viscosity ephezulu yemeko yeglasi iyayithintela intshukumo yeathom, nto leyo ebangela ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi oluzinzileyo kwaye ivelise uxinzelelo lokuphumla. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, olu xinzelelo lunokukhululwa kancinci, into eyaziwa ngokuba yiukuguga kweglasi.
Ukuthambekela kwekristale:
Ukuba i-quartz edibeneyo igcinwe ngaphakathi kwemigangatho ethile yobushushu (njengokuba kufutshane nobushushu be-crystallization) ixesha elide, i-microcrystallization inokwenzeka—umzekelo, ukuhla kwe-cristobalite microcrystals. Ukungafani kwe-volumetric phakathi kwezigaba ze-crystalline kunye ne-amorphous kudalauxinzelelo lotshintsho lwesigaba.
3. Umthwalo woomatshini kunye namandla angaphandle
1. Uxinzelelo oluvela ekucutshungulweni:
Amandla oomatshini asetyenziswa ngexesha lokusika, ukugawula, okanye ukupolisha anokungenisa ukugqwetheka kwelatisi yomphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lokucubungula. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokusika ngevili lokugawula, ubushushu bendawo kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini emdeni kubangela uxinzelelo loxinzelelo. Iindlela ezingalunganga zokubhola okanye zokufaka imingxuma zinokukhokelela kuxinzelelo kwiindawo ezinoqhekeko, zisebenza njengeendawo zokuqala iimfanta.
2. Uxinzelelo oluvela kwiiMeko zeNkonzo:
Xa isetyenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, i-quartz exutyiweyo inokufumana uxinzelelo olukhulu ngenxa yemithwalo yoomatshini efana noxinzelelo okanye ukugoba. Umzekelo, izitya zeglasi ze-quartz zinokuba noxinzelelo lokugoba xa zibambe izinto ezinzima.
4. Umothuko wobushushu kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu ngokukhawuleza
1. Uxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo oluvela ekuFudumezeni/ekuPholiseni ngokukhawuleza:
Nangona i-quartz exutyiweyo ine-coefficient yokwandisa ubushushu ephantsi kakhulu (~0.5×10⁻⁶/°C), utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu (umz., ukufudumeza ukusuka kubushushu begumbi ukuya kubushushu obuphezulu, okanye ukuntywiliselwa emanzini omkhenkce) kusenokubangela ii-gradients zobushushu zasekuhlaleni eziqatha. Ezi gradients zibangela ukwanda okanye ukucutheka kobushushu ngequbuliso, nto leyo evelisa uxinzelelo lobushushu olukhawulezileyo. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo kukuqhekeka kwe-quartzware yelabhoratri ngenxa yokutshona kobushushu.
2. Ukudinwa Okubangelwa Kubushushu Obujikelezayo:
Xa ibonakaliswa kukuguquguquka kobushushu okuphindaphindiweyo—njengakwizipilingi zesithando okanye kwiifestile zokubukela ezishushu kakhulu—i-quartz exutyiweyo ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye incipha. Oku kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni koxinzelelo lokudinwa, ukukhawulezisa ukuguga kunye nomngcipheko wokuqhekeka.
5. Uxinzelelo olubangelwa ziikhemikhali
1. Uxinzelelo lokugqwala kunye nokunyibilika:
Xa i-quartz exutyiweyo idibana nezisombululo ezinamandla ze-alkaline (umz., i-NaOH) okanye iigesi ze-asidi ezishushu kakhulu (umz., i-HF), ukubola komphezulu kunye nokunyibilika kwenzeka. Oku kuphazamisa ukufana kwesakhiwo kwaye kubangela uxinzelelo lweekhemikhali. Umzekelo, ukubola kwe-alkali kunokukhokelela kutshintsho lomthamo womphezulu okanye ukwakheka kwe-microcrack.
2. Uxinzelelo olubangelwa yi-CVD:
Iinkqubo zeChemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) ezibeka ii-coating (umz., i-SiC) kwi-fused quartz zinokungenisa uxinzelelo lwe-interfacial ngenxa yokwahluka kwi-thermal expansion coefficients okanye i-elastic moduli phakathi kwezinto ezimbini. Ngexesha lokupholisa, olu xinzelelo lunokubangela i-delamination okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-coating okanye i-substrate.
6. Iziphene Zangaphakathi Nokungcola
1. Amaqamza kunye nezinto ezibandakanyiweyo:
Amaqamza egesi aseleyo okanye ukungcola (umz., ii-ion zesinyithi okanye amasuntswana anganyibilikiyo) angeniswa ngexesha lokunyibilika anokusebenza njengezinto ezixinzelelayo uxinzelelo. Umahluko ekukhuleni kobushushu okanye ukuthamba phakathi kwezi zinto zibandakanyiweyo kunye ne-matrix yeglasi udala uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwendawo. Iintanda zihlala ziqala emaphethelweni ezi zinto zingagqibelelanga.
2. Ii-Microcracks kunye neempazamo zesakhiwo:
Ukungcola okanye iziphene kwizinto ezikrwada okanye kwinkqubo yokunyibilika zinokubangela ii-microcracks zangaphakathi. Phantsi kwemithwalo yoomatshini okanye ukujikeleza kobushushu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiincopho zee-crack lunokukhuthaza ukwanda kwee-crack, okunciphisa ukuthembeka kwezinto.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-04-2025