1. Uxinzelelo lwe-Thermal Ngexesha Lokupholisa (Unobangela Oyintloko)
I-quartz edibeneyo yenza uxinzelelo phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obungafaniyo. Kuwo nawaphi na amaqondo obushushu anikiweyo, ulwakhiwo lweatom yequartz edityanisiweyo ifikelela kulungiselelo lwesithuba "olufanelekileyo". Njengoko ubushushu butshintsha, isithuba se-athom siyatshintsha ngokufanelekileyo-into edla ngokubizwa ngokuba kukwandiswa kwe-thermal. Xa i-quartz edityanisiweyo ifudunyezwa ngokulinganayo okanye ipholile, ukwanda okungekho yunifomu kwenzeka.
Uxinzelelo lobushushu ludla ngokuvela xa imimandla eshushu izama ukwanda kodwa inyanzelwa ziindawo ezipholileyo ezijikelezileyo. Oku kudala uxinzelelo olucinezelayo, oluhlala lungabangeli umonakalo. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu liphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuthambisa iglasi, uxinzelelo lunokupheliswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izinga lokupholisa likhawuleza kakhulu, i-viscosity yanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-athomu asikwazi ukulungelelanisa ngexesha lokunciphisa ukushisa. Oku kubangela uxinzelelo oluqinileyo, olunokuthi lubangele ukuphuka okanye ukungaphumeleli.
Uxinzelelo olunjalo luqina njengoko ukushisa kwehla, ukufikelela kumazinga aphezulu ekupheleni kwenkqubo yokupholisa. Iqondo lobushushu apho iglasi yequartz ifikelela kwi-viscosity ngaphezulu kwe-10 ^ 4.6 i-poise ibizwa ngokubaindawo yoxinzelelo. Ngeli xesha, i-viscosity yezinto eziphathekayo iphezulu kangangokuba uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luvalelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye alukwazi ukutshabalalisa.
2. Uxinzelelo oluvela kwiSigaba soTshintsho kunye nokuPhunyezwa kweZakhiwo
Ukuphumla okuMetastable:
Kwimeko etyhidiweyo, i-quartz edibeneyo ibonisa ukucwangciswa kweathomu ephazamisekileyo. Ekupholiseni, ii-athom zikholisa ukukhululeka ukuya kubume obuzinze ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, i-viscosity ephezulu yeglasi yeglasi ithintela intshukumo yeathom, ekhokelela kulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi olunometastable kunye nokuvelisa uxinzelelo lokuphumla. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, olu xinzelelo lunokuthi lukhutshwe kancinci, into eyaziwa ngokuba yiukuguga kweglasi.
Ubume beCrystallization:
Ukuba i-quartz edibeneyo ibanjwe kwiindawo ezithile zokushisa (ezifana kufuphi nobushushu be-crystallization) ixesha elide, i-microcrystallization ingenzeka-umzekelo, imvula ye-cristobalite microcrystals. Ukungafani kwe-volumetric phakathi kwe-crystalline kunye nezigaba ze-amorphous kudalauxinzelelo lwenguqu yesigaba.
3. Umthwalo woomatshini kunye namandla angaphandle
1. Uxinzelelo olusuka kwiProcessing:
Amandla omatshini asetyenziswa ngexesha lokusika, ukusila, okanye ukupolishwa kunokwazisa ukugqwetheka kwelathisi yomphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lokuqhuba. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lokusika ngevili lokusila, ukushisa kwendawo kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini kumda wokwenza uxinzelelo. Ubuchwephesha obungafanelekanga bokomba okanye ukuboleka kunokukhokelela ekugxininiseni uxinzelelo kwiinotshi, zisebenza njengendawo yokuqalisa i-crack.
2. Uxinzelelo oluvela kwiMiqathango yeNkonzo:
Xa isetyenziswe njengezinto zokwakha, i-quartz edibeneyo inokufumana uxinzelelo lwe-macro-scale ngenxa yemithwalo yemishini efana noxinzelelo okanye ukugoba. Ngokomzekelo, i-quartz glassware inokuphuhlisa uxinzelelo lokugoba xa ubambe umxholo onzima.
4. Ukothuka kweThermal kunye noKuguquguquka okuKhawuleza koBubushushu
1. Uxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo olusuka kuKufudumeza okukhawulezayo/okuPholisa:
Nangona i-quartz edityanisiweyo inomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu wokwandiswa kwe-thermal (~0.5×10⁻⁶/°C), utshintsho olukhawulezayo lobushushu (umzekelo, ukufudumeza ukusuka kubushushu begumbi ukuya kumaqondo aphezulu aphezulu, okanye ukuntywiliselwa kumanzi omkhenkce) kusenokubangela ukuthambeka kobushushu bendawo. Ezi gradients zikhokelela ekwandiseni okanye ekunciphiseni kwe-thermal ngokukhawuleza, ukuvelisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal olukhawulezayo. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo yilabhoratri yequartzware fracturing ngenxa yomothuko wobushushu.
2. Ukudinwa kwe-Cyclic Thermal:
Xa ubonakaliswe kwixesha elide, ukuguquguquka okuphindaphindiweyo kweqondo lokushisa-ezifana neefestile zomlilo okanye iifestile zokujonga ubushushu obuphezulu-i-quartz edibeneyo idlulela kwi-cyclic and contraction. Oku kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni uxinzelelo lokukhathala, ukukhawuleza ukuguga kunye nomngcipheko wokuqhekeka.
5. Uxinzelelo lweMichiza
1. Ukonakala kunye noxinzelelo loNxiko:
Xa i-quartz edityanisiweyo idibana nezisombululo ezinamandla zealkaline (umzekelo, i-NaOH) okanye iigesi ezinobushushu obuphezulu be-acidic (umzekelo, i-HF), ukuhlwa komphezulu kunye nokunyibilika kwenzeka. Oku kuphazamisa ukufana kwesakhiwo kwaye kubangela uxinzelelo lweekhemikhali. Ngokomzekelo, i-alkali corrosion ingakhokelela ekutshintsheni umthamo ophezulu okanye ukubunjwa kwe-microcrack.
2. Uxinzelelo lwe-CVD-Induced:
Iinkqubo ze-Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) ezidipozitha i-coatings (umz., i-SiC) kwi-quartz edibeneyo inokwazisa uxinzelelo oluphakathi kobuso ngenxa yokwahlukana kwe-coefficients yokwandisa i-thermal okanye i-elastic moduli phakathi kwezinto ezimbini. Ngexesha lokupholisa, olu xinzelelo lunokubangela i-delamination okanye ukuqhekeka kwengubo okanye i-substrate.
6. Iziphene zangaphakathi kunye nokungcola
1. Amaqamza kunye nokuBandakanya:
Amaqamza erhasi eshiyekileyo okanye ukungcola (umzekelo, ii-ion zetsimbi okanye amasuntswana anganyibilikiyo) angeniswe ngexesha lokunyibilika anokusebenza njengezigxininisi zoxinzelelo. Umahluko ekwandiseni i-thermal okanye u-elasticity phakathi kwezi zibandakanya kunye ne-glass matrix yenza uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwangaphakathi. Iintanda zidla ngokuqalisa emaphethelweni oku kungafezeki.
2. IiMicrocracks kunye neziphene zeZakhiwo:
Ukungcola okanye iimpazamo kwizinto eziluhlaza okanye kwinkqubo yokunyibilika kunokubangela i-microcracks yangaphakathi. Ngaphantsi kwemithwalo yomatshini okanye i-thermal cycling, ukugxininiswa koxinzelelo kwiingcebiso ze-crack kunokukhuthaza ukusasazeka kwe-crack, ukunciphisa ukunyaniseka kwezinto eziphathekayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-04-2025