Izinto ze-Thin-film lithium tantalate (LTOI) ziyavela njengesixhobo esitsha esibalulekileyo kwicandelo le-optics elidibeneyo. Kulo nyaka, imisebenzi eliqela ephezulu kwiimodulators ze-LTOI ipapashwe, kunye nee-wafers ze-LTOI ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezibonelelwe nguNjingalwazi uXin Ou ovela kwiShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, kunye neenkqubo zokukrola amaza ezikumgangatho ophezulu eziphuhliswe liqela likaNjingalwazi uKippenberg e-EPFL, eSwitzerland. Imizamo yabo yokusebenzisana ibonise iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Ukongeza, amaqela ophando kwiYunivesithi yaseZhejiang akhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uLiu Liu kunye neYunivesithi yaseHarvard ekhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uLoncar nawo anike ingxelo ngeemodulators ze-LTOI ezikhawulezayo nezizinzileyo.
Njengesalamane esisondeleyo se-thin-film lithium niobate (LNOI), i-LTOI igcina iimpawu ze-lithium niobate ezikhawulezayo kunye ne-low-loss ngelixa ikwabonelela ngeenzuzo ezifana nexabiso eliphantsi, i-birefringence ephantsi, kunye neziphumo ezincitshisiweyo ze-photorefractive. Uthelekiso lweempawu eziphambili zezinto ezimbini luboniswe ngezantsi.
◆ Ukufana phakathi kweLithium Tantalate (LTOI) kunye neLithium Niobate (LNOI)
①Isalathisi sokuKhangela:2.12 vs 2.21
Oku kuthetha ukuba ubukhulu be-waveguide yemowudi enye, i-radius egobayo, kunye nobukhulu besixhobo esingasebenziyo esiqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kuzo zombini izinto ziyafana kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kwe-fiber coupling nako kuyafana. Ngokukrola kakuhle kwe-waveguide, zombini ezi zinto zinokufikelela ekulahlekelweni kokufakwa<0.1 dB/cm. I-EPFL ibika ukulahleka kwe-waveguide ye-5.6 dB/m.
②I-Electro-optic Coefficient:30.5 pm/V vs 30.9 pm/V
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-modulation kuyafana kuzo zombini izixhobo, kunye ne-modulation esekelwe kwisiphumo sePockels, okuvumela i-bandwidth ephezulu. Okwangoku, ii-modulators ze-LTOI ziyakwazi ukufikelela kwi-400G nge-lane performance, kunye ne-bandwidth engaphezulu kwe-110 GHz.
③Isithuba sebhendi:3.93 eV xa ithelekiswa ne-3.78 eV
Zombini ezi zinto zinefestile ebanzi ecacileyo, exhasa usetyenziso ukusuka kumaza okukhanya abonakalayo ukuya kumaza e-infrared, ngaphandle kokufunxwa kwiibhendi zonxibelelwano.
④I-Coefficient ye-Second-Order Nonlinear (d33):21pm/V vs 27pm/V
Ukuba isetyenziselwa usetyenziso olungelulo olunemigca efana ne-second harmonic generation (SHG), difference-frequency generation (DFG), okanye i-sum-frequency generation (SFG), ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwezinto ezimbini kufuneka kufane.
◆ Inzuzo yexabiso le-LTOI xa ithelekiswa ne-LNOI
①Ixabiso Eliphantsi Lokulungiselela I-Wafer
I-LNOI ifuna ukufakwa kwee-ion ze-He ukuze kwahlulwe umaleko, nto leyo enokwenza i-ionization ibe ncinci. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-LTOI isebenzisa ukufakwa kwee-ion ze-H ukuze kwahlulwe, ngendlela efanayo ne-SOI, enokusebenza kwe-delamination okuphindwe kalishumi kune-LNOI. Oku kuphumela kumahluko omkhulu wamaxabiso kwii-wafers ze-intshi ezi-6: $300 vs. $2000, ukunciphisa iindleko nge-85%.
②Sele isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike yabathengi be-elektroniki kwiifilitha ze-acoustic(Iiyunithi ezingama-750,000 ngonyaka, ezisetyenziswa yiSamsung, Apple, Sony, njl.njl.).
◆ Iingenelo zokusebenza ze-LTOI xa kuthelekiswa ne-LNOI
①Iziphene ezimbalwa zezinto ezibonakalayo, Isiphumo esibuthathaka se-Photorefractive, Uzinzo olungakumbi
Ekuqaleni, ii-modulators ze-LNOI zazidla ngokubonisa ukushukuma kwe-bias point, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwetshaja okubangelwa ziziphene kwi-waveguide interface. Ukuba azinyangwa, ezi zixhobo zingathatha usuku ukuzinza. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zaphuhliswa ukujongana nale ngxaki, njengokusebenzisa i-metal oxide cladding, i-substrate polarization, kunye ne-annealing, okwenza le ngxaki ilawuleke kakhulu ngoku.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-LTOI ayinazo iziphene ezininzi zezinto ezibonakalayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni kakhulu ukutyibilika. Nokuba ingenazo ezinye iindlela zokucubungula, indawo yayo yokusebenza ihlala izinzile. Iziphumo ezifanayo zixelwe yi-EPFL, iHarvard, kunye neYunivesithi yaseZhejiang. Nangona kunjalo, olu thelekiso ludla ngokusebenzisa ii-modulators ze-LNOI ezinganyangwanga, nto leyo esenokungabi ntle ngokupheleleyo; xa kusetyenziswa, ukusebenza kwazo zombini ezi zinto kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuyafana. Umahluko ophambili ukwi-LTOI efuna amanyathelo ambalwa okucubungula.
②I-Birefringence esezantsi: 0.004 vs 0.07
Ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-lithium niobate (LNOI) kunokuba nzima ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi njengoko ukugoba kwe-waveguide kunokubangela ukudibana kwemode kunye ne-mode hybridization. Kwi-LNOI encinci, ukugoba kwi-waveguide kunokuguqula ukukhanya kwe-TE kube kukukhanya kwe-TM, okwenza kube nzima ukwenziwa kwezixhobo ezithile ezingasebenziyo, njengezihluzi.
Nge-LTOI, i-birefringence ephantsi iyayisusa le ngxaki, nto leyo enokwenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezisebenza ngokuphezulu. I-EPFL ikwabike iziphumo eziphawulekayo, isebenzisa i-birefringence ephantsi ye-LTOI kunye nokungabikho kwe-mode-crossing ukuze kufezekiswe ukuveliswa kwe-electro-optic frequency comb generation ene-ultra-wide-spectrum control flat dispersion kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-spectral. Oku kubangele i-bandwidth ye-comb emangalisayo ye-450 nm enemigca ye-comb engaphezu kwama-2000, enkulu ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunokuba inokufezekiswa nge-lithium niobate. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Kerr optical frequency combs, i-electro-optic combs zinika ithuba lokuba zingenamda kwaye zizinzile ngakumbi, nangona zifuna igalelo le-microwave enamandla aphezulu.
③Umda woMngcipheko woMbane ophezulu
Umlinganiselo womonakalo we-optical we-LTOI uphindwe kabini kunowe-LNOI, nto leyo enika ithuba kwizicelo ezingezizo eze-linear (kunye nezicelo ze-Coherent Perfect Absorption (CPO) ezinokubakho kwixesha elizayo). Amanqanaba ombane we-optical module yangoku akunakwenzeka ukuba onakalise i-lithium niobate.
④Isiphumo esiphantsi seRaman
Oku kukwabhekiselele kwizicelo ezingezizo ezithe ngqo. I-Lithium niobate inesiphumo esinamandla seRaman, esithi kwizicelo ze-Kerr optical frequency comb zinokukhokelela ekuvelisweni kokukhanya kweRaman okungafunekiyo kwaye zifumane ukhuphiswano, zithintele ii-x-cut lithium niobate optical frequency combs ukuba zingafikeleli kwimeko ye-soliton. Nge-LTOI, isiphumo seRaman sinokucinezelwa ngoyilo lwe-crystal orientation, okuvumela i-x-cut LTOI ukuba ifezekise ukuveliswa kwe-soliton optical frequency comb. Oku kwenza ukuba i-monolithic idityaniswe nee-soliton optical frequency combs kunye nee-modulators ezikhawulezayo, into engenakwenzeka nge-LNOI.
◆ Kutheni iThin-Film Lithium Tantalate (LTOI) ingakhankanywanga ngaphambili?
I-Lithium tantalate inobushushu obuphantsi beCurie kune-lithium niobate (610°C vs. 1157°C). Ngaphambi kokuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji ye-heterointegration (XOI), ii-modulators ze-lithium niobate zenziwa kusetyenziswa i-titanium diffusion, efuna ukutsalwa ngaphezulu kwe-1000°C, nto leyo eyenza i-LTOI ingafanelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutshintshela ekusebenziseni ii-insulator substrates kunye ne-waveguide etching ukwenziwa kwe-modulator, ubushushu be-Curie obuyi-610°C buyanele.
◆ Ngaba iThin-Film Lithium Tantalate (LTOI) iza kuthatha indawo yeThin-Film Lithium Niobate (TFLN)?
Ngokusekelwe kuphando lwangoku, i-LTOI inika iingenelo ekusebenzeni okungenamsebenzi, uzinzo, kunye neendleko ezinkulu zemveliso, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okubonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-LTOI ayidluli i-lithium niobate ekusebenzeni kokuguquguquka, kwaye imiba yozinzo nge-LNOI inezisombululo ezaziwayo. Kwiimodyuli ze-DR zonxibelelwano, kukho imfuno encinci yezinto ezingasebenziyo (kwaye i-silicon nitride ingasetyenziswa ukuba kuyimfuneko). Ukongeza, kufuneka utyalo-mali olutsha ukuze kusekwe kwakhona iinkqubo zokugrumba kwinqanaba le-wafer, iindlela ze-heterointegration, kunye novavanyo lokuthembeka (ubunzima ngokugrumba kwe-lithium niobate kwakungengomgaqo-nkqubo kodwa kukufezekisa ukugrumba kwinqanaba le-wafer eliyinzuzo ephezulu). Ke ngoko, ukuze kukhuphisane nendawo esekwe yi-lithium niobate, i-LTOI inokufuna ukufumanisa ezinye iingenelo. Ngokwezemfundo, nangona kunjalo, i-LTOI inika amandla ophando abalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezidibeneyo ze-on-chip, ezifana nee-octave-spanning electro-optic combs, i-PPLT, izixhobo zokwahlula ubude be-soliton kunye ne-AWG, kunye nee-array modulators.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-08-2024