Iikristale zeSapphire zikhuliswe ukusuka kwi-high-purity alumina powder kunye nokuhlambuluka kwe> 99.995%, okwenza kube yindawo enkulu yokufunwa kwe-alumina ephezulu. Babonisa amandla aphezulu, ubunzima obuphezulu, kunye neepropati zekhemikhali ezizinzile, ezibenza bakwazi ukusebenza kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukubola kunye nefuthe. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kukhuselo lwelizwe, itekhnoloji yabemi, i-microelectronics, kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Ukusuka kwi-high-purity alumina powder ukuya kwiikristale zesafire
1. Usetyenziso oluphambili lweSapphire
Kwicandelo lokhuselo, iikristale zesafire zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiifestile ze-infrared ezijulwayo. Imfazwe yanamhlanje ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwimijukujelwa, kwaye ifestile ye-infrared optical yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa le mfuno. Ukuthathela ingqalelo into yokuba imijukujelwa ifumana ubushushu obunzulu be-aerodynamic kunye nempembelelo ngexesha lokubhabha ngesantya esiphezulu, kunye neendawo zokulwa ezirhabaxa, iradome kufuneka ibe namandla aphezulu, ukumelana nefuthe, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nokhukuliseko lwesanti, imvula, kunye nezinye iimeko zemozulu ezinzima. Iikristale zeSapphire, kunye nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya okugqwesileyo, iipropathi eziphezulu zoomatshini, kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo, ziye zaba yinto efanelekileyo kwiifestile ze-missile infrared.
I-substrates ye-LED ibonisa ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwesafire. Ukukhanya kwe-LED kuthathwa njengenguqu yesithathu emva kwe-fluorescent kunye nezibane zokulondoloza amandla. Umgaqo wee-LED uquka ukuguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla okukhanya. Xa okwangoku idlula kwi-semiconductor, imingxuma kunye nee-electron zidibanisa, zikhupha amandla amaninzi ngendlela yokukhanya, ekugqibeleni zivelise ukukhanya. Itekhnoloji ye-chip ye-LED isekelwe kwii-wafers ze-epitaxial, apho izinto zegesi zifakwe umaleko ngokwemaleko kwi-substrate. Izinto eziphambili ze-substrate ziquka i-silicon substrates, i-silicon carbide substrates, kunye ne-sapphire substrates. Phakathi kwezi, i-sapphire substrates inikezela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngaphezu kwezinye ezimbini, kubandakanywa ukuzinza kwesixhobo, iteknoloji yokulungiselela abantu abadala, ukungeniswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo, ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okulungileyo, kunye neendleko eziphakathi. Idatha ibonisa ukuba i-80% yeenkampani ze-LED zehlabathi zisebenzisa isafire njenge-substrate material.
Ukongeza kwezi zicelo zikhankanywe ngasentla, iikristale zesafire zikwasetyenziswa kwizikrini zefowuni ephathwayo, izixhobo zonyango, umhombiso wobucwebe, kunye nezixhobo zefestile zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokufumanisa zesayensi ezifana neelensi kunye neeprism.
2. Ubungakanani beMarike kunye neZibonelelo
Iqhutywa yinkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokwandiswa kweemeko zokusetyenziswa kwee-chips ze-LED, imfuno ye-sapphire substrates kunye nobukhulu bemarike yabo kulindeleke ukuba ifezekise ukukhula okuphindwe kabini. Ngo-2025, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwesapphire substrates kuqikelelwa ukuba uya kufikelela kwi-103 yezigidi zamaqhekeza (aguqulelwe kwi-4-intshi substrates), emele ukonyuka kwe-63% xa kuthelekiswa no-2021, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka (CAGR) se-13% ukusuka ku-2021 ukuya ku-2025. Ukunyuka kwe-108% xa kuthelekiswa no-2021, kunye ne-CAGR ye-20% ukusuka kwi-2021 ukuya ku-2025. Njenge "precursor" ye-substrates, ubungakanani beemarike kunye nokukhula kweekristale zesafire ziyabonakala.
3. Ukulungiswa kweeCrystals zeSapphire
Ukusukela ngo-1891, xa usokhemisti ongumFrentshi uVerneuil A. wayila indlela yokudibanisa idangatye ukuvelisa iikristale ezenziweyo zegem okokuqala, uphononongo lokukhula kwekristale yesafire eyenziweyo kuye kwathatha inkulungwane. Ngeli xesha, ukuqhubela phambili kwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji kuqhube uphando olubanzi kwiindlela zokukhula kwesafire ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemizi-mveliso kumgangatho ophezulu wekristale, ukuphuculwa kwamazinga okusetyenziswa, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha ziye zavela ekukhuleni kweekristale zesafire, ezifana nendlela yeCzochralski, indlela yeKyropoulos, indlela yokukhula kwefilimu (EFG), kunye nendlela yokutshintsha ukushisa (HEM).
3.1 Indlela yeCzochralski yokuKhulisa iiCrystals zeSapphire
Indlela yeCzochralski, eyaqalwa nguCzochralski J. ngo-1918, ikwabizwa ngokuba bubuchule beCzochralski (efinyeziweyo njengendlela yeCz). Kwi-1964, i-Poladino AE kunye ne-Rotter BD yaqala ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokukhulisa iikristale zesafire. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ivelise inani elikhulu leekristale zesafire ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Umgaqo ubandakanya ukunyibilika kwezinto eziluhlaza ukwenza ukunyibilika, emva koko ukuntywila imbewu yekristale enye kwindawo enyibilikayo. Ngenxa yomahluko weqondo lokushisa kwi-interface e-slid-liquid, i-supercooling iyenzeka, ibangela ukuba ukunyibilika kuqiniswe phezu kwembewu kwaye kuqale ukukhula i-crystal enye kunye nesakhiwo se-crystal efana nembewu. Imbewu itsalwa kancinane ibheka phezulu ngelixa ijikeleza ngesantya esithile. Njengoko imbewu itsalwa, inyibilika ngokuthe ngcembe iqina kujongano, yenze ikristale enye. Le ndlela, ebandakanya ukutsala ikristale ekunyibilikeni, yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokulungiselela iikristale ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Iinzuzo zendlela yeCzochralski zibandakanya: (1) izinga lokukhula ngokukhawuleza, okwenza kube lula ukuveliswa kweekristale ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngexesha elifutshane; (2) iikristali zikhula kwindawo enyibilikayo ngaphandle kokudibanisa nodonga olunqamlekileyo, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho we-crystal. Nangona kunjalo, i-drawback enkulu yale ndlela kubunzima bokukhulisa iikristale ezinobubanzi obukhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuvelisa iikristali ezinkulu.
3.2 Indlela yeKyropoulos yokuKhulisa iiCrystals zeSapphire
Indlela yeKyropoulos, eyakhiwe nguKyropoulos kwi-1926 (efinyeziweyo njengendlela ye-KY), yabelana ngokufana nendlela yeCzochralski. Kubandakanya ukuntywila ikristale yembewu kwindawo enyibilikayo kwaye ngokucotha ukuyitsalela phezulu ukwenza intamo. Nje ukuba izinga lokuqina kwi-melt-seed interface lizinzile, imbewu ayisatsalwa okanye ijikeleziswa. Kunoko, izinga lokupholisa lilawulwa ukuvumela i-crystal eyodwa ukuba iqiniswe ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, ekugqibeleni yenza i-crystal eyodwa.
Inkqubo yeKyropoulos ivelisa iikristale ezinomgangatho ophezulu, ingxinano ephantsi yesiphene, enkulu, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
3.3 Indlela yeEdge-Defined Film-Fed Growth (EFG) yokuKhula iiCrystals zeSapphire
Indlela ye-EFG yitekhnoloji yokukhula kwekristale emile. Umgaqo wayo uquka ukubeka i-high-melting-point melt ibe ngumbumba. Ukunyibilika kutsalwa kumphezulu wokungunda kusetyenziswa i-capillary action, apho idibana nekristale yembewu. Njengoko imbewu itsalwa kwaye inyibilika iqina, ikristale enye ibumba. Ubungakanani kunye nokumila komphetho wokubumba kunqanda imilinganiselo yekristale. Ngenxa yoko, le ndlela inemida ethile kwaye ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiikristale zesafire ezibunjiweyo ezifana neetyhubhu kunye neeprofayili ze-U.
3.4 Indlela yokuTshintshela ubushushu (HEM) yokuKhulisa iiCrystals zeSapphire
Indlela yokutshintshiselana kobushushu bokulungiselela iikristale zesafire ezinobungakanani obukhulu yaqanjwa nguFred Schmid kunye noDennis ngo-1967. Inkqubo ye-HEM ibonisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal egqwesileyo, ukulawulwa ngokuzimeleyo kweqondo lokushisa kwi-melt kunye ne-crystal, kunye nokulawulwa kakuhle. Ivelisa ngokulula iikristale zesafire kunye ne-dislocation ephantsi kunye nenkulu.
Iinzuzo zendlela ye-HEM ziquka ukungabikho kokunyakaza kwi-crucible, i-crystal, kunye ne-heater ngexesha lokukhula, ukuphelisa izenzo zokutsala ezifana nezo kwiindlela ze-Kyropoulos kunye ne-Czochralski. Oku kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwabantu kwaye kugweme iziphene zekristale ezibangelwa ukuhamba komatshini. Ukongeza, izinga lokupholisa linokulawulwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nesiphumo sokuqhekeka kwekristale kunye neziphene zokususa. Le ndlela yenza ukuba ukukhula kweekristale ezinobungakanani obukhulu, kulula ukusebenza, kwaye ibambe ithemba lophuhliso.
Ukusebenzisa ubuchwephesha obunzulu ekukhuleni kwekristale yesafire kunye nokuchaneka kokusetyenzwa, i-XKH ibonelela ngezisombululo zokuphela- ukuya-ekuphelweni zesiko lesafire elungiselelwe ukhuselo, i-LED, kunye nezicelo ze-optoelectronics. Ukongeza kwisafire, sibonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lwezixhobo ze-semiconductor ezisebenza ngokuphezulu ezibandakanya ii-silicon carbide (SiC) wafers, ii-silicon wafers, iikhomponenti ze-SiC ceramic, kunye neemveliso zequartz. Siqinisekisa umgangatho obalaseleyo, ukuthembeka, kunye nenkxaso yobuchwephesha kuzo zonke izixhobo, ukunceda abathengi bafezekise ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwimizi-mveliso ephezulu kunye nezicelo zophando.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-29-2025