Iikristale zesafire zikhuliswa ngomgubo we-alumina ococekileyo kakhulu onobunyulu obungaphezulu kwe-99.995%, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe yeyona ndawo ifunwa kakhulu ye-alumina ecocekileyo kakhulu. Zibonisa amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo, ezizivumela ukuba zisebenze kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukugqwala, kunye nefuthe. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kukhuselo lwesizwe, ubuchwepheshe boluntu, i-microelectronics, kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Ukusuka kwi-alumina powder ecocekileyo kakhulu ukuya kwiikristale zesafire
1Ukusetyenziswa Okuphambili kweSapphire
Kwicandelo lokhuselo, iikristale zesafire zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifestile ze-infrared zemissile. Imfazwe yanamhlanje ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwiimissile, kwaye ifestile ye-infrared optical yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa le mfuneko. Xa ucinga ukuba iimissile zifumana ubushushu obukhulu be-aerodynamic kunye nempembelelo ngexesha lokubhabha ngesantya esiphezulu, kunye neendawo zokulwa ezinzima, i-radome kufuneka ibe namandla aphezulu, ukumelana nempembelelo, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nokukhukuliseka okuvela kwisanti, imvula, kunye nezinye iimeko zemozulu ezinzima. Iikristale zesafire, ezinokukhanya kwazo okugqwesileyo, iimpawu zoomatshini eziphezulu, kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo, ziye zaba zizinto ezifanelekileyo kwiifestile ze-infrared zemissile.
Ii-substrates ze-LED zimele ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-sapphire. Ukukhanya kwe-LED kuthathwa njengotshintsho lwesithathu emva kwezibane ezikhanyayo nezonga amandla. Umgaqo we-LED ubandakanya ukuguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla okukhanya. Xa umbane udlula kwi-semiconductor, imingxunya kunye nee-elektroni ziyadibana, zikhuphe amandla agqithisileyo ngendlela yokukhanya, ekugqibeleni zivelise ukukhanya. Ubuchwepheshe be-chip ye-LED busekelwe kwi-epitaxial wafers, apho izinto zegesi zifakwa khona umaleko ngomnyeleko kwi-substrate. Izinto eziphambili ze-substrate ziquka ii-substrates ze-silicon, ii-substrates ze-silicon carbide, kunye nee-substrates ze-sapphire. Phakathi kwezi, ii-substrates ze-sapphire zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kunezinye ezimbini, kubandakanya ukuzinza kwesixhobo, ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela obuvuthiweyo, ukungafunxwa kokukhanya okubonakalayo, ukuhambisa ukukhanya okuhle, kunye neendleko eziphakathi. Idatha ibonisa ukuba i-80% yeenkampani ze-LED zehlabathi zisebenzisa i-sapphire njengezinto zazo ze-substrate.
Ukongeza kwizicelo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, iikristale zesafire zikwasetyenziswa kwizikrini zefowuni eziphathwayo, izixhobo zonyango, imihombiso yezacholo, kunye nezixhobo zefestile zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokufumanisa zesayensi ezifana neelensi kunye neeprism.
2. Ubungakanani beMarike kunye namathemba
Iqhutywa yinkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokwanda kweemeko zokusetyenziswa kweetships ze-LED, imfuno yee-substrates zesafire kunye nobukhulu bazo kwimarike kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele ekukhuleni okuphindwe kabini. Ngowama-2025, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwee-substrates zesafire kulindeleke ukuba ufikelele kwiingcezu ezili-103 lezigidi (eziguqulwe zaba zii-substrates ezi-4-intshi), ezimele ukunyuka kwama-63% xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2021, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) le-13% ukusuka ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2025. Ubungakanani bemarike yee-substrates zesafire kulindeleke ukuba bufikelele kwi-¥8 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2025, ukunyuka kwe-108% xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2021, kunye ne-CAGR engama-20% ukusuka ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2025. Njenge-"precursor" yee-substrates, ubungakanani bemarike kunye nendlela yokukhula kweekristale zesafire iyabonakala.
3. Ukulungiswa kweekristale zeSapphire
Ukususela ngo-1891, xa isazi semichiza saseFransi uVerneuil A. sasungula indlela yokudibanisa ilangatye ukuvelisa iikristale zelitye lokwenziwa okokuqala, uphando lokukhula kwekristale yesafire eyenziweyo luye lwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ngeli xesha, ukuqhubela phambili kwisayensi nakwitekhnoloji kuye kwakhokelela uphando olubanzi kwiindlela zokukhulisa isafire ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoshishino zomgangatho ophezulu wekristale, amazinga okusetyenziswa aphuculweyo, kunye neendleko zemveliso ezincitshisiweyo. Kuye kwavela iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye netekhnoloji yokukhulisa iikristale zesafire, ezifana nendlela yeCzochralski, indlela yeKyropoulos, indlela yokukhula kwefilimu echazwe emgceni (EFG), kunye nendlela yokutshintshana kobushushu (HEM).
3.1 Indlela yeCzochralski yokukhulisa iikristale zeSapphire
Indlela yeCzochralski, eyaqalwa nguCzochralski J. ngo-1918, ikwaziwa ngokuba yindlela yeCzochralski (efinyeziweyo njengendlela yeCz). Ngo-1964, iPoladino AE kunye neRotter BD baqale ukusebenzisa le ndlela ukukhulisa iikristale zesafire. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ivelise inani elikhulu leekristale zesafire ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Lo mgaqo ubandakanya ukunyibilikisa izinto eziluhlaza ukuze zenze i-melt, emva koko kutyibilikiswa imbewu enye yekristale kumphezulu onyibilikayo. Ngenxa yomahluko wobushushu kwindawo yokuhlangana eqinileyo nolwelo, kwenzeka i-supercooling, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-melt iqine kumphezulu wembewu kwaye iqale ukukhulisa ikristale enye enesakhiwo esifanayo sekristale nembewu. Imbewu itsalwa kancinci phezulu ngelixa ijikeleza ngesantya esithile. Njengoko imbewu itsalwa, i-melt iqina kancinci kumphezulu, yenze ikristale enye. Le ndlela, equka ukutsala ikristale kwi-melt, yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokulungiselela iikristale ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Iingenelo zendlela yeCzochralski ziquka: (1) izinga lokukhula ngokukhawuleza, okuvumela ukuveliswa kweekristale ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngexesha elifutshane; (2) iikristale zikhula kumphezulu onyibilikayo ngaphandle kokudibana nodonga oluqhekekayo, nto leyo enciphisa ngempumelelo uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wekristale. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki enkulu yale ndlela kukuba kunzima ukukhulisa iikristale ezinkulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingakulungeli ukuvelisa iikristale ezinkulu.
3.2 Indlela yeKyropoulos yokukhulisa iikristale zeSapphire
Indlela yeKyropoulos, eyasungulwa nguKyropoulos ngo-1926 (efinyeziweyo njenge-KY method), ifana nendlela yeCzochralski. Ibandakanya ukuntywilisela ikristale yembewu kumphezulu onyibilikayo kwaye uyitsale kancinci phezulu ukuze yenze intamo. Nje ukuba izinga lokuqina kwindawo edibanisa imbewu enyibilikayo lizinze, imbewu ayisatsalwa okanye ijikeleziswe. Endaweni yoko, izinga lokupholisa lilawulwa ukuvumela ikristale enye ukuba iqine kancinci ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, ekugqibeleni yenze ikristale enye.
Inkqubo yeKyropoulos ivelisa iikristale ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezinobunzima obuphantsi, ezinkulu, kwaye zisebenza kakuhle kwixabiso.
3.3 Indlela yokukhula kwefilimu echazwe ngokugqithisileyo (EFG) yokukhulisa iikristale zesafire
Indlela ye-EFG yiteknoloji yokukhula kwekristale enomfanekiso. Umgaqo wayo ubandakanya ukubeka i-melt-point-melting-point melt kwi-mold. I-melt itsalwa phezulu kwi-mold nge-capillary action, apho idibana nekristale yembewu. Njengoko imbewu itsalwa kwaye i-melt iqina, kwakheka ikristale enye. Ubungakanani kunye nokuma komphetho we-mold kuthintela ubukhulu bekristale. Ngenxa yoko, le ndlela inemida ethile kwaye ifanelekile kakhulu kwiikristale zesafire ezinomfanekiso ezifana neetyhubhu kunye neeprofayili ezimile okwe-U.
3.4 Indlela yokuTshintshiselana koBushushu (HEM) yoKhulisa iikristale zeSapphire
Indlela yokutshintshiselana kobushushu yokulungiselela iikristale ezinkulu zesafire yasungulwa nguFred Schmid noDennis ngo-1967. Inkqubo ye-HEM ine-insulation egqwesileyo yobushushu, ulawulo oluzimeleyo lwe-gradient yobushushu kwi-melt kunye ne-crystal, kunye nolawulo oluhle. Ivelisa iikristale zesafire ngokulula kwaye zincinci kwaye zinkulu.
Iingenelo zendlela ye-HEM ziquka ukungabikho kwentshukumo kwi-crucible, i-crystal, kunye ne-heater ngexesha lokukhula, ukuphelisa izenzo zokutsala ezifana nezo zikwindlela zeKyropoulos kunye neCzochralski. Oku kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwabantu kwaye kuthintele iziphene ze-crystal ezibangelwa kukuhamba koomatshini. Ukongeza, izinga lokupholisa linokulawulwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu kunye neziphene ezibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwe-crystal kunye nokukhubeka kwayo. Le ndlela ivumela ukukhula kwee-crystals ezinkulu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye inamathemba ophuhliso athembisayo.
Isebenzisa ubuchule obunzulu ekukhuleni kwekristale yesafire kunye nokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo, i-XKH ibonelela ngezisombululo zesafire wafer ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezilungiselelwe ukuzikhusela, ii-LED, kunye nezicelo ze-optoelectronics. Ukongeza kwisafire, sinikezela uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezixhobo ze-semiconductor ezisebenzayo kakhulu kubandakanya ii-silicon carbide (SiC) wafers, ii-silicon wafers, izinto ze-ceramic zeSiC, kunye neemveliso ze-quartz. Siqinisekisa umgangatho ogqwesileyo, ukuthembeka, kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa kuzo zonke izixhobo, sinceda abathengi ukuba baphumelele kwizicelo eziphambili zoshishino kunye nophando.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-29-2025