Ngaba wakha wamangaliswa bubuhle obuluhlaza besafire? Eli litye likhazimlayo, elixatyiswayo ngenxa yobuhle balo, linemfihlelo “yamandla amakhulu kwezenzululwazi” anokuguqula ubugcisa. Ukuphumelela kwamva nje kwezazinzulu zaseTshayina zivule iimfihlakalo ezifihliweyo ezishushu zesafire crystals, zibonelela ngamathuba amatsha kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwii-smartphones ukuya kuphononongo lwendawo.
Kutheni Engenzi't ISapphire Inyibilika Phantsi Kobushushu Okugqithisileyo?
Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni womcimi-mlilo ekhazimla emhlophe-eshushu kwidangatye, ukanti ehleli ecwengile. Nantso umlingo wesafire. Kubushushu obungaphezu kwe-1,500°C—ubushushu kunodaka olutyhidiweyo—eli litye linqabileyo ligcina amandla alo kunye nokungafihli.
Izazinzulu kwiShanghai Institute of Optics kunye neFine Mechanics yaseTshayina zasebenzisa ubuchule obuphambili ukuphonononga iimfihlo zalo:
- IAtomic Superstructure: Iiathom zeSapphire zenza ihexagonal lattice, kunye neathom nganye yealuminiyam itshixiwe endaweni yayo ngeeathom ezine zeoksijini. Le "kheji yeathom" iyamelana nokugqwethwa kobushushu, iqhayisa nge-coefficient yokwandisa ubushushu bejusi.t 5.3 × 10⁻⁶/°C (igolide, ngokuchaseneyo, yandisa phantse amaxesha ali-10 ngokukhawuleza).
- Ukuqukuqela koBubushushu obuNgqongileyo: Njengesitalato esiya calanye, ubushushu buphumela kwisafire nge-10–30% ngokukhawuleza kwiiaxes zekristale. Iinjineli zinokusebenzisa le “thermal anisotropy” ukuyila iinkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Isixhobo se "Superhero" esiVavanywe kwiiLebhu eziNxibeleleyo
Ukutyhala isafire kwimida yayo, abaphandi balinganisa iimeko ezirhabaxa zangaphandle kunye nokubhabha kwe-hypersonic:
- Rocket Reentry Ukulinganisa: Ifestile ye-150 mm yesafire yasinda kwi-1,500 ° C amadangatye iiyure, ingabonakali iintanda okanye i-warping.
- Laser Ukunyamezela Test: Xa iqhunyiswa ngokukhanya okukhulu, izinto ezisekelwe kwisafire zigqithise izinto zendabuko nge-300%, ngenxa yokukwazi ukukhupha ukushisa kwe-3x ngokukhawuleza kunobhedu.
Ukusuka kwiLab Marvels ukuya kwiTech yeMihla yonke
Usenokuba sele ungumnikazi wesiqwenga setekhnoloji yesafire ngaphandle kokuqaphela:
- Izikrini ezingakrwelekiyo: Ii-iPhones zangaphambili ze-Apple zasebenzisa iilensi zekhamera ezigqunywe ngesafire (de iindleko zonyuswa).
- iQuantum Computing: Kwiilabhu, ii-wafers zesafire zibamba i-quantum bits eethe-ethe (qubits), zigcina imeko yazo ye-quantum 100x ubude kunesilicon.
- Iimoto zoMbane: Iibhetri ze-EV ze-prototype zisebenzisa i-electrode efakwe kwi-sapphire ukunqanda ukushisa-ukutshintsha umdlalo wezithuthi ezikhuselekileyo, ezithatha ixesha elide.
Ukutsiba kweTshayina kwiSayensi yeSapphire
Ngelixa isafire iye yombiwa kangangeenkulungwane, iTshayina ibhala kwakhona ikamva layo:
- Iikristale ezinkulu: Iilebhu zaseTshayina ngoku zikhulisa i-sapphire ingots ezinobunzima obungaphezu kwe-100 kg—enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba yakhe izibuko zeteleskopu epheleleyo.
- Green Innovation: Abaphandi baphuhlisa isafire esetyenzisiweyo ukusuka kwii-smartphones ezindala, ukusika iindleko zokuvelisa nge-90%.
- Ubunkokeli behlabathi: Uphononongo lwakutsha nje, olupapashwe kwiIjenali yeeCrystals zokwenziwa, iphawula impumelelo yesine yaseTshayina kwizinto eziphucukileyo kulo nyaka.
Ikamva: Apho iSapphire idibana ne-Sci-Fi
Kuthekani ukuba iifestile zinokuzicoca ngokwazo? Okanye iifowuni ezihlawuliswa ubushushu bomzimba? Izazinzulu ziphupha kakhulu:
- Ukuzicoca ngeSapphire: I-Nanoparticles efakwe kwisafire ingaphula i-smog okanye i-grime xa ibonakaliswe ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
- Thermoelectric Magic: Guqula inkunkuma yobushushu obusuka kwimizi-mveliso ibe ngumbane kusetyenziswa iisemiconductors zesafire.
- iiCables Elevator: Ngelixa isethiyori, umlinganiselo wamandla kubunzima besafire uwenza umgqatswa we-megastructures yekamva.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-23-2025