Intshayelelo
Iphefumlelwe yimpumelelo yeesekethe ezidityanisiweyo ze-elektroniki (ii-EIC), intsimi yeesekethe ezidityanisiweyo ze-photonic (ii-PIC) ibisoloko itshintsha ukususela oko yaqalwa ngo-1969. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nee-EIC, uphuhliso lweqonga lehlabathi elikwaziyo ukuxhasa usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lwe-photonic lusengumngeni omkhulu. Eli nqaku liphonononga itekhnoloji entsha yeLithium Niobate kwi-Insulator (i-LNOI), eye yaba sisisombululo esithembisayo ngokukhawuleza kwii-PIC zesizukulwana esilandelayo.
Ukunyuka kweTekhnoloji ye-LNOI
I-Lithium niobate (LN) ibisoloko iqatshelwa njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo kwizicelo ze-photonic. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela kukufika kwe-LNOI yefilimu encinci kunye neendlela zokwenza izinto eziphambili apho amandla ayo apheleleyo avulelekileyo. Abaphandi babonise ngempumelelo ii-waveguides ze-ridge ezilahleka kakhulu kunye nee-microresonators ze-ultra-high-Q kumaqonga e-LNOI [1], nto leyo ebonisa inqanaba elikhulu kwi-photonics edibeneyo.
Iingenelo eziphambili zeTekhnoloji ye-LNOI
- Ukulahleka okubonakalayo okuphantsi kakhulu(phantsi njenge-0.01 dB/cm)
- Izakhiwo ze-nanophotonic ezikumgangatho ophezulu
- Inkxaso kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-optical ezingezizo ezomgca
- Ukulungiswa kwe-electro-optic edibeneyo (EO)
Iinkqubo ze-Optical ezingezizo ezikwi-LNOI
Izakhiwo ze-nanophotonic ezisebenza kakuhle ezenziwe kwiqonga le-LNOI zivumela ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo eziphambili ze-optical ezingezizo ezomgca ngokusebenza kakuhle okumangalisayo kunye namandla amancinci okumpompa. Iinkqubo ezibonisiweyo ziquka:
- Isizukulwana sesibini seHarmonic (SHG)
- Ukuveliswa kweSamu rhoqo (SFG)
- Ukuveliswa kweFrequency yoMmahluko (DFG)
- Uguqulelo oluphantsi lweParametric (PDC)
- Ukuxuba Amaza Amane (FWM)
Kuye kwenziwa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokufanisa izigaba ukuze kuphuculwe ezi nkqubo, nto leyo eyenza i-LNOI ibe yiplatifomu ye-optical eguquguqukayo kakhulu.
Izixhobo eziDibeneyo eziLungiswa nge-Electro-Optical
Itekhnoloji ye-LNOI ikwavumele uphuhliso lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-photonic ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo, ezifana nezi:
- Iimodulators ze-optical ezikhawulezayo
- IiPICs ezisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi ezinokuhlengahlengiswa kwakhona
- Iikama ezisetyenziswa rhoqo
- Imithombo ye-micro-optomechanical
Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa iipropati ze-EO zangaphakathi ze-lithium niobate ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo oluchanekileyo nolukhawulezayo lwemiqondiso yokukhanya.
Ukusetyenziswa Okusebenzayo kwe-LNOI Photonics
Ii-PIC ezisekelwe kwi-LNOI ngoku ziyasetyenziswa kwinani elikhulayo lezicelo ezisebenzayo, kuquka:
- Ii-converter ze-microwave-to-optical
- Izinzwa ezibonakalayo
- Iispectrometer ezikwi-chip
- Iikama ze-Optical frequency
- Iinkqubo zonxibelelwano eziphucukileyo
Ezi zicelo zibonisa amandla e-LNOI okuhambelana nokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-bulk-optic, ngelixa zibonelela ngezisombululo ezinokwandiswa, nezisebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo ngokusebenzisa ukwenziwa kwe-photolithographic.
Imingeni yangoku kunye neendlela zexesha elizayo
Nangona inkqubela phambili yayo ethembisayo, itekhnoloji ye-LNOI ijongene nemiqobo emininzi yobugcisa:
a) Ukunciphisa Ukulahleka Kwamehlo Ngakumbi
Ukulahleka kwe-current waveguide (0.01 dB/cm) kusengaphezulu kakhulu kunomda wokufunxwa kwezinto. Kufuneka inkqubela phambili kwiindlela zokusila i-ion kunye nokufakelwa kwe-nano ukuze kuncitshiswe uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye neziphene ezinxulumene nokufunxwa.
b) Ulawulo oluphuculweyo lweJiyometri yeWaveguide
Ukuvumela ii-waveguides ze-sub-700 nm kunye ne-sub-2 μm coupling gaps ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuphindaphinda okanye ukwandisa ilahleko yokusasazeka kubalulekile kwi-integration density ephezulu.
c) Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokudibanisa
Nangona iifayibha ezithambileyo kunye nee-mode converters zinceda ekufezekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kokudibanisa, ii-anti-reflection coats zinokunciphisa ngakumbi ukubonakaliswa kojongano lwezinto zomoya.
d) Uphuhliso lweeCandelo zePolarization eziLahlekileyo kancinci
Izixhobo ze-photonic ezingenamvakalelo ze-polarization kwi-LNOI zibalulekile, zifuna izinto ezihambelana nokusebenza kwe-polarizers ye-free-space.
e) Ukuhlanganiswa kwee-Electronics zoLawulo
Ukudibanisa ngempumelelo izixhobo zombane zokulawula ezinkulu ngaphandle kokonakalisa ukusebenza kwe-optical yindlela ephambili yophando.
f) Ubunjineli bokuHlanganisa nokusabalalisa amaSigaba aPhambili
Ukwenziwa kweepateni zedomeyini ezinokuthenjwa kwisisombululo se-sub-micron kubalulekile kwi-nonlinear optics kodwa kuhlala kubuchwepheshe obungavuthwanga kwiqonga le-LNOI.
g) Imbuyekezo yeziphene zokwenziwa
Iindlela zokunciphisa utshintsho lwesigaba olubangelwa lutshintsho lokusingqongileyo okanye ukwahluka kokwenziwa kwezinto zibalulekile ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto kwihlabathi lokwenyani.
h) Ukudibanisa ii-Multi-Chip ngendlela eyiyo
Ukujongana nokudibanisa okusebenzayo phakathi kweetships ezininzi ze-LNOI kuyimfuneko ukuze kukhule ngaphaya kwemida yokudibanisa i-single-wafer.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweMonolithic kweeNxalenye ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo
Umceli mngeni ophambili kwi-LNOI PICs kukudityaniswa kwe-monolithic okungabizi kakhulu kwezinto ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo ezifana nezi:
- Iileyiza
- Izixhobo zokufumanisa
- Ii-converter ze-wavelength ezingezizo ezingqalileyo
- Iimodulators
- IiMultiplexers/Demultiplexers
Amaqhinga akhoyo ngoku aquka:
a) Ukufakwa kwe-Ion kwi-LNOI:
Ukukhetha i-doping yee-ion ezisebenzayo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kunokukhokelela kwimithombo yokukhanya kwi-chip.
b) Ukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo:
Ukubopha ii-LNOI PICs ezingasetyenziswanga ezenziwe kwangaphambili ngee-LNOI layers ezifakwe i-doped okanye ii-III-V lasers kunika enye indlela.
c) Ukwenziwa kweWafer ye-LNOI esebenzayo/engasebenziyo yeHybrid:
Indlela entsha ibandakanya ukubopha ii-wafers ze-LN ezixutyiweyo nezingaxutywanga ngaphambi kokuba zisikwe ii-ion, nto leyo ephumela kwii-wafers ze-LNOI ezineendawo ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo.
Umfanekiso 1ibonisa ingcamango yee-PIC ezisebenzayo/ezingasebenziyo ezihlanganisiweyo ezihlanganisiweyo, apho inkqubo enye ye-lithographic ivumela ukulungelelaniswa okungenamthungo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwazo zombini iintlobo zezixhobo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweePhotodetectors
Ukudibanisa ii-photodetectors kwi-LNOI-based PICs lelinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo ngokupheleleyo. Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ziyaphandwa:
a) Ukuhlanganiswa Okungafaniyo:
Ii-nanostructures ze-semiconductor zinokudityaniswa okwethutyana nee-waveguides ze-LNOI. Nangona kunjalo, kusafuneka ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kokufumanisa kunye nokukhula.
b) Ukuguqulwa kobude beWavelength obungengomgca:
Iipropati ze-LN ezingezizo ezithe ngqo zivumela ukuguqulwa kwamaza ngaphakathi kwezikhokelo zamaza, nto leyo evumela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokubona iifoto zesilicon ezisemgangathweni nokuba ubude bomda busebenza kangakanani na.
Isiphelo
Ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwetekhnoloji ye-LNOI kusondeza eli shishini kwiqonga le-PIC elibanzi elikwaziyo ukukhonza uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ngokujongana nemingeni ekhoyo kunye nokuqhubekisela phambili izinto ezintsha ekudityanisweni kwe-monolithic kunye ne-detector, ii-PIC ezisekwe kwi-LNOI zinamandla okuguqula amasimi afana nonxibelelwano, ulwazi lwe-quantum, kunye nokuva.
I-LNOI inesithembiso sokuzalisekisa umbono wexesha elide wee-PIC ezinokwandiswa, ohambelana nempumelelo kunye nefuthe lee-EIC. Imizamo eqhubekayo yophando nophuhliso—efana naleyo evela kwiNanjing Photonics Process Platform kunye neXiaoyaoTech Design Platform—iya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva lee-photonics ezidibeneyo kunye nokuvula amathuba amatsha kwiindawo zobuchwepheshe.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-18-2025