NgoLwesithathu, uMongameli uBiden ubhengeze isivumelwano sokubonelela i-Intel nge-8.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwinkxaso-mali ngqo kunye ne-11 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwimali-mboleko phantsi kwe-CHIPS kunye noMthetho weSayensi. I-Intel iya kusebenzisa le nkxaso-mali kwiimpahla zayo ezinqabileyo e-Arizona, eOhio, eNew Mexico, nase-Oregon. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwincwadana yethu kaDisemba ka-2023, uMthetho we-CHIPS ubonelela ngeedola ezingama-52.7 eebhiliyoni zenkxaso-mali kushishino lwe-semiconductor yase-US, kuquka i-39 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwinkuthazo yokuvelisa. Ngaphambi kolwabiwo lwe-Intel, uMthetho we-CHIPS wawusele unike i-1.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwi-GlobalFoundries, i-Microchip Technology, kunye ne-BAE Systems, ngokutsho kweSemiconductor Industry Association (SIA).
Inkqubela phambili kwinkxaso-mali phantsi koMthetho we-CHIPS iye yacotha, kwaye ulwabiwo lokuqala lwabhengezwa kwisithuba sonyaka emva kokuphunyezwa kwayo. Ngenxa yentlawulo ecothayo, ezinye iiprojekthi ezinkulu ze-semiconductor fab e-United States ziye zalibaziseka. I-TSMC ikwaqaphele ubunzima ekufumaneni abasebenzi bokwakha abafanelekileyo. I-Intel ibalule ukulibaziseka ngokuyinxenye kukucotha kwentengiso.
Amanye amazwe nawo abeke imali yokukhuthaza imveliso yesemiconductor. NgoSeptemba ka-2023, iManyano yaseYurophu yapasisa uMthetho weChips waseYurophu, ochaza i-430 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi (malunga ne-470 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi) kutyalo-mali lukarhulumente nolwabucala kwishishini le-semiconductor. NgoNovemba ka-2023, iJapan yabele i-¥2 yetriliyoni (malunga ne-13 yeebhiliyoni zeedola) ukwenza i-semiconductor. I-Taiwan iphumeze umthetho ngoJanuwari 2024 ukunika inkuthazo yerhafu kwiinkampani zesemiconductor. NgoMatshi ka-2023, uMzantsi Korea wapasisa umthetho oyilwayo wokubonelela ngenkuthazo yerhafu kubuchwephesha obucwangcisiweyo, kubandakanya ne-semiconductors. I-China kulindeleke ukuba iseke ingxowa-mali ye-40 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ezixhaswa ngurhulumente ukuxhasa ishishini labo le-semiconductor.
Athini amathemba enkcitho kushishino lwesemiconductor (CapEx) kulo nyaka? Umthetho we-CHIPS ujolise ekukhuthazeni inkcitho enkulu, kodwa uninzi lweempembelelo aziyi kubonakala kude kube semva kuka-2024. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, imarike ye-semiconductor yehle ngokuphoxayo nge-8.2%, nto leyo ekhokelele iinkampani ezininzi ukuba zisebenzisa indlela elumkileyo kwinkcitho eyinkunzi ngo-2024. Siyaqikelela. ukuba iyonke isemiconductor yeCapEx ngo-2023 yayizibhiliyoni zeedola ezili-169, ukwehla nge-7% ukusuka 2022. Siqikelela ukuhla nge-2% kwiCapEx ngo-2024.
Ngokubuyiswa kwemarike yememori kunye nokunyuka okulindelwe kwimfuno evela kwizicelo ezitsha ezifana nobukrelekrele bokufakelwa, iinkampani ezinkulu zeememori kulindeleke ukuba zinyuse inkcitho enkulu ngo-2024. I-Samsung iceba ukugcina inkcitho ethe tyaba kwi-2024 kwi-37 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kodwa ayizange inqumle inkunzi. inkcitho ngo-2023. I-Micron Technology kunye ne-SK Hynix ziye zayinciphisa kakhulu inkcitho eyinkunzi ngo-2023 kwaye isicwangciso sokukhula okuphindwe kabini 2024.
Eyona Foundry inkulu, i-TSMC, iceba ukuchitha malunga ne-28 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuya kwi-32 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024, kunye ne-median ye-30 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, i-6% iyancipha ukusuka ku-2023. I-SMIC iceba ukugcina inkcitho ye-capital flat, ngelixa i-UMC iceba ukunyuka nge-10%. I-GlobalFoundries ilindele ukucutha kwe-61% kwinkcitho enkulu kwi-2024 kodwa iya kwandisa inkcitho kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo ngokwakhiwa kwe-fab entsha eMalta, eNew York.
Phakathi kwaBavelisi beZixhobo eziDityanisiweyo (ii-IDM), i-Intel iceba ukunyusa inkcitho ye-capital nge-2% kwi-2024 ukuya kwi-26.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. I-Intel iya kwandisa umthamo kubo bobabini abathengi abasisiseko kunye neemveliso zangaphakathi. Inkcitho eyinkunzi ye-Texas Instruments 'ihlala ithe tyaba. I-TI iceba ukuchitha malunga ne-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka kude kube ngu-2026, ngokuyintloko kwimpahla yayo entsha eSherman, eTexas. I-STMicroelectronics iya kunciphisa inkcitho eyinkunzi ngama-39%, ngelixa i-Infineon Technologies iza kuncipha nge-3%.
I-Samsung, i-TSMC, kunye ne-Intel, abona bachitha-chitha bekhulu abathathu, kulindeleke ukuba baphendule kwi-57% yenkcitho ye-semiconductor ye-capital capital ngo-2024.
Leliphi inqanaba elifanelekileyo lenkcitho eyinkunzi xa kuthelekiswa nemarike yesemiconductor? Ukuguquguquka kwemarike ye-semiconductor kwaziwa kakhulu. Kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo, izinga lokukhula lonyaka lehlile ukusuka kuma-46% ngo-1984 ukuya kuma-32% ngo-2001. Yehla nge-12% ngo-2021 kunye ne-12% ngo-2019. Iinkampani ze-Semiconductor kufuneka zicwangcise amandla azo kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukwakha ilaphu elitsha kuthatha malunga neminyaka emibini, kunye nexesha elongezelelweyo elifunekayo lokucwangcisa kunye nenkxaso-mali. Ngenxa yoko, umlinganiselo wenkcitho ye-semiconductor yemalike ye-semiconductor yohluka kakhulu, njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi.
I-2---Silicon Carbide: Ukuya kwixesha elitsha lee-wafers
Umlinganiselo wenkcitho ye-semiconductor eyinkunzi kubungakanani bemarike usukela kumphezulu wama-34% ukuya kutsho ngaphantsi kwe-12%. Umyinge weminyaka emihlanu uwela phakathi kwe-28% kunye ne-18%. Kulo lonke ixesha ukusuka kwi-1980 ukuya kwi-2023, inkcitho ye-capital ithathe i-23% yemarike ye-semiconductor. Ngaphandle kokuguquguquka, imeko yexesha elide yalo mlinganiselo ihlala ingaguquguquki. Ngokusekwe kuhlumo olomeleleyo lwemalike okulindelekileyo kunye nokwehla kwenkcitho eyinkunzi, silindele ukuba lo mlinganiselo wehle ukusuka kuma-32% ngo-2023 ukuya kuma-27% ngo-2024.
Uninzi loqikelelo luqikelela ukukhula kwemarike ye-semiconductor kuluhlu lwe-13% ukuya kwi-20% ngo-2024. Ubukrelekrele bethu be-semiconductor buqikelela ukukhula kwe-18%. Ukuba u-2024 usebenza ngamandla njengoko bekulindelekile, iinkampani zinokunyusa izicwangciso zazo zenkcitho enkulu ekuhambeni kwexesha. Sinokulindela ukubona utshintsho oluhle kwinkcitho ye-semiconductor capital ngo-2024.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-08-2024